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This paper advances an analytic approach to analyzing the full impact, both direct and indirect, of disparities by race, ethnicity and gender using structural equation modeling (SEM) and demonstrates its empirical application for adults ages 55-64 across a range of outcomes related to disability, Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) applications, and SSDI participation. The paper…
Introduction The U.S. Treasury estimates that the tax preference for employer-sponsored retirement plans and IRAs reduced federal income taxes by about $185-$189 billion in 2020, equal to about 0.9 percent of gross domestic product. Other estimates of the costs are even larger. However, the best evidence suggests that the federal tax preferences do little to…
